Manageria

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Add To What You Know ⁽¹⁾

Prepared by: "Optimanage.com" Team

What is a Control Process?

It is a sequential set of actions taken by management to:

• Establish performance standards
• Measure performance
• Evaluate performance
• Take corrective steps when needed and indicated
• Take corrective steps where needed and indicated

Behavioral Controls

They are actions performed by management to:

• Specify, evaluate and correct performance of personnel.
• Develop and evaluate performance appraisal methods and techniques.
• Develop and evaluate techniques for production and operations planning.

Group Dynamics

• Formal groups:
  » They have the sanction of the organization.
  » They have legitimate power in the organization.
  » They are formed to perform a specific task or function.
• Informal groups:
  » They are not sanctioned officially by the organization.
• Unofficial Organization:
  » It is made up of Informal groups.

Communication in Management

The Elements of Communication include:

• Sender:
  » The originator of a message (stimulus).
• Receiver:
  » The person that receives the message (the stimulus).
• Noise:
  » It is anything that interferes with or changes the message. It is not part of either the sender or receiver.
• Encoding:
  » The action that starts the communication process.
• Decoding:
  » It is the process of understanding the message.
• Filtering:
  » It is the act of changing the message as it passes through the different personalities of the sender or the receiver. Filters are part of either the sender or the receiver.
• Denotative meaning:
  » It is the explicit definition of a term.
• Connotative meaning:
  » It is the meaning of the term by association
• Common vocabulary:
  » They are words that formally acquired defined meanings accepted by an organization or a group to facilitate communication by limiting the connotative meanings of these words.

Change in the Organization

It is the transformational process in the organization or in the group where a set of behaviors are altered to another set of behaviors. Such a transformation could be implemented in a planned, systematic or random manner.

Break-Even Analysis

Break-Even Analysis is a term used in Production and Operations Management (POM). It is a managerial technique used in planning to determine the minimum number of units of sales required to pay the total costs of producing and selling a product. This minimum number is known as the Break-Even Quantity (BEQ). Determining the BEQ uses Fixed and Variable Costs as well as the Piece of the product.


References:
(1) Patrick J. Montana and Bruce H. Charnov, "Management", Business Review Books, Third Edition, Baron’s (2000).



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