» Know the type of audience targeted by the presentation.
» Choose the subject/field of the presentation.
» Write-down the objective of the presentation.
» Have an idea of how much time is available for the presentation.
» Decide on the elements to mention or discuss in this presentation.
» Identify the resources needed to develop this presentation.
» Find as much literature as possible that is needed to develop the presentation.

» Collect information on each of the topics or elements of the presentation.
» Make the content as complete as possible to cover all aspects of the topic.
» Organize the information and data collected logically and in an orderly sequence.
»Develop, analyze, and expand each idea and statement in each section and subsection.
» Prepare and develop all visual aids (documents, data, tables, graphs, and pictures) that will be presented.
» Organize the visual aids to match the progression of the oral presentation.
» Check and double check information and data you collect for validity, truthfulness, and correctness; including the visual aids that will be used.
» Avoid memorizing any part of the presentation (unless it is a needed quotation).
» Using the speaker’s own vocabulary is better than memorizing a speech.
» Prepare well the opening phrase or statement.
» Work on your voice when and where needed. Know where to emphasize, where to pause, where to repeat or rephrase, the statements during the presentation.
» Decide on the attire and clothes to wear for the presentation.
» Practice makes perfect (with voice - speak out loud):

» Be confident.
» Be presentable.
» Be early for the presentation.
» Be prepared and organized.
» Greet attendees with a smile.
» Deliver the presentation. Be complete and truthful.
» Answer questions and offer explanations.
» Offer a courteous closure to the presentation, thanking the attendees.

» Focus on the topic and its parts and elements. Make sure to know well the material of the main topic (Figure – 1).
» Know enough information on closely related topics.
» Acquire information about topics generally related to the main topic of the presentation.
» Presenting the content in an organized and orderly manner is of paramount importance.
» Delivering the presentation well, complete, and with confidence is the key to success (Figure – 2).

» Grooming and appearance are highly considered.
» Dress in what is appropriate and acceptable for/by the audience.
» Avoid pacing across the floor in front of the audience.
» Movement of hands and arms should be controlled and not haphazard.
» Movement of hands is better kept to a minimum.
» Occasionally look at a specific person in the audience and address that person, when elaborating a point.
» Address different persons in the audience through-out the presentation.
» Avoid addressing one person for long during the presentation, unless answering a specific question asked by that person.
» The speaker should not turn the back to the audience. Writing on the white or green board must not take a long time.
» Avoid talking to the board for any extended period. The attendees like to see the speaker addressing them, not addressing the board.

» Make sure that all needed tools for the presentation are available before the start of the presentation.
» Ensure that all instruments, tools, and visual aids needed are in working order. Testing should be done before of the presentation.

» The location of the presentation should be easy to reach by the attendees.
» There should be available parking spots for all guests and attendees.
» There should be enough space in the room for all the attendees.
» Seating arrangements should be comfortable and should allow all attendees to see the speaker and any screen or board used during the presentation.
» Attendees should be able to clearly hear the speaker from anywhere in the room.
» Any food and beverage offered must be made available ahead of time or with minimum disturbance of the presentation or the attendees.